Koresha umurongo uri munsi kugirango usangire inyandiko yuzuye yiyi ngingo hamwe nabagenzi bawe na bagenzi bawe.Wige byinshi.
Iperereza ku miterere idashidikanywaho n’ingaruka ziterwa n’abarwayi ba COVID-19 mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro.
Muri Gashyantare 2020, abarwayi 114 COVID-19 binjiye mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro bigendanwa mu mujyi wa Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei banditswe muri iryo tsinda bakoresheje icyitegererezo cyoroshye.Igishinwa cy’indwara ya Mishel Disease Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) cyakoreshejwe mu gusuzuma indwara y’umurwayi, kandi hifashishijwe isesengura ryinshi ryakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka zabyo.
Impuzandengo rusange ya MUIS (verisiyo yubushinwa) ni 52.22 ± 12.51, byerekana ko indwara idashidikanywaho iri kurwego ruciriritse.Ibisubizo byerekana ko impuzandengo y'amanota y'ibipimo bitateganijwe ari byinshi: 2.88 ± 0.90.Isesengura ryinshi ryo gusubira inyuma ryerekanye ko igitsina gore (t = 2.462, p = .015) bafite umuryango winjiza buri kwezi utarenze amafaranga 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), kandi inzira yuburwayi ni days iminsi 28 ( t = 2.249, p =. 027) ni ibintu byigenga bitera indwara zidashidikanywaho.
Abarwayi bafite COVID-19 bari kurwego ruciriritse rwindwara.Abakozi bo mu buvuzi bagomba kwita cyane ku barwayi b’abagore, abarwayi bafite amafaranga make y’umuryango, n’abarwayi bafite igihe kirekire cy’indwara, kandi bagafata ingamba zigamije kubafasha kugabanya ukutamenya neza indwara zabo.
Mu guhangana n’indwara nshya yanduye kandi itazwi, abarwayi basuzumwe na COVID-19 bafite ibibazo byinshi ku mubiri no mu mutwe, kandi kutamenya neza indwara ni byo bitera intandaro yo guhangayikisha abarwayi.Ubu bushakashatsi bwakoze ubushakashatsi ku ndwara zidashidikanywaho z’abarwayi ba COVID-19 bari mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro, kandi ibisubizo byagaragaje urwego ruciriritse.Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bizagirira akamaro abaforomo, abafata ibyemezo rusange n’abashakashatsi bazaza ahantu hose hatanga ubuvuzi ku barwayi ba COVID-19.
Mu mpera za 2019, Indwara ya Coronavirus ya 2019 (COVID-19) yatangiriye i Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei, mu Bushinwa, iba ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima rusange mu Bushinwa ndetse no ku isi (Huang et al., 2020).Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko ari ibintu byihutirwa by’ubuzima rusange by’impungenge mpuzamahanga (PHEIC).Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikwirakwizwa rya virusi, ikigo gishinzwe gukumira no kugenzura Wuhan COVID-19 cyafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka ibitaro byinshi by’ubuhungiro bigendanwa kugira ngo bivure abarwayi bafite uburwayi bworoheje.Bahuye n'indwara nshya kandi itazwi yanduye, abarwayi basuzumwe na COVID-19 bafite ibibazo bikomeye byo mumubiri kandi bikomeye cyane (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Kutamenya neza indwara niyo soko nyamukuru yibibazo byibasira abarwayi.Nkuko byasobanuwe, ibi bibaho mugihe umurwayi atakaje ubushobozi bwindwara ziterwa nigihe kizaza, kandi birashobora kugaragara mubyiciro byose byindwara (urugero, Ku cyiciro cyo kwisuzumisha,… kurwego rwo kwivuza, cyangwa nta ndwara. kurokoka) (Mishel n'abandi., 2018).Kutamenya neza indwara bifitanye isano n’ingaruka mbi z’imibereho-imitekerereze, hamwe no kugabanuka kw’ubuzima mu mibereho n’ibimenyetso bikabije by’umubiri (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang n'abandi., 2015).Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije kumenya uko ibintu bimeze ubu ndetse n’ingaruka ziterwa n’indwara zidashidikanywaho ku barwayi barwaye COVID-19, no gutanga ishingiro ry’inyigisho zijyanye no gutabara.
COVID-19 nindwara nshya yubwoko B yandura ikwirakwizwa cyane nigitonyanga cyubuhumekero no guhura cyane.Ni icyorezo gikomeye cya virusi mu kinyejana cya 21 kandi gifite ingaruka zitigeze zibaho ku isi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw'abantu.Kuva COVID-19 yatangira mu mujyi wa Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei mu mpera za 2019, hagaragaye ibibazo mu bihugu no mu turere 213.Ku ya 11 Werurwe 2020, OMS yatangaje ko iki cyorezo ari icyorezo ku isi (Xiong et al., 2020).Mugihe icyorezo cya COVIC-19 gikwirakwira kandi kigakomeza, ibibazo bya psychologiya bikurikira byabaye ibyifuzo byingenzi.Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 gifitanye isano n’imibabaro myinshi yo mu mutwe.Imbere y’icyorezo, abantu benshi, cyane cyane abarwayi ba COVID-19, bazagira urukurikirane rwimyitwarire mibi nko guhangayika no guhagarika umutima (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała Et al., 2020; Wang n'abandi, 2020c; Xiong n'abandi, 2020).Indwara ya virusi, igihe cyo gukuramo, no kuvura COVID-19 iracyari mu bushakashatsi, kandi haracyari ibibazo byinshi bigomba gusobanurwa mubijyanye no gusuzuma, kuvura no kumenya ubumenyi.Icyorezo n'icyorezo cy'icyorezo byatumye abantu bumva badashidikanya kandi batagenzurwa n'indwara.Iyo umurwayi amaze gupimwa, ntazi neza niba hari imiti ifatika, niba ishobora gukira, uburyo bwo kumara igihe cyo kwigunga, n'ingaruka bizagira kuri bo no ku muryango wabo.Kutamenya neza uburwayi bishyira umuntu muburyo buhoraho kandi bigatera guhangayika, kwiheba nubwoba (Hao F et al., 2020).
Mu 1981, Mishel yasobanuye indwara idashidikanywaho maze ayinjiza mu rwego rw'ubuforomo.Iyo umuntu adafite ubushobozi bwo guca imanza ziterwa nindwara kandi indwara itera ibintu bifitanye isano no gukangura, umuntu ntashobora gufata imyanzuro ijyanye nimiterere nubusobanuro bwibintu bitera imbaraga, kandi hazabaho ikibazo kidashidikanywaho cyindwara.Iyo umurwayi adashobora gukoresha amashuri yize, infashanyo mbonezamubano, cyangwa umubano nushinzwe ubuzima kugirango abone amakuru nubumenyi akeneye, kutamenya neza indwara biriyongera.Iyo habaye ububabare, umunaniro, cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bifitanye isano nibiyobyabwenge, kubura amakuru biziyongera, kandi kutamenya neza indwara nabyo biziyongera.Muri icyo gihe, indwara zidashidikanywaho zifitanye isano no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru mashya, guhanura ibisubizo, no guhuza n'indwara (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
Indwara zidashidikanywaho zagiye zikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bw’abarwayi bafite indwara zikomeye kandi zidakira, kandi ibisubizo byinshi byerekana ko iri suzuma ry’ubwenge ry’indwara rifitanye isano n’ingaruka mbi z’abarwayi.By'umwihariko, ihungabana ry’imyumvire rifitanye isano n’indwara nyinshi zidashidikanywaho (Mullins et al., 2017);indwara idashidikanywaho ni ihanura ihungabana (Zhang et al., 2018);hiyongereyeho, kutamenya neza indwara bifatwa ku bwumvikane Ni ibintu bibi (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) kandi bikekwa ko bifitanye isano n'ingaruka mbi zo mu mutwe nko guhangayika ku mutima, guhangayika, cyangwa ibibazo byo mu mutwe (Kim n'abandi., 2020; Szulczewski n'abandi., 2017).Ntabwo bibangamira gusa ubushobozi bw’abarwayi bwo gushaka amakuru y’indwara, bityo bikababuza guhitamo kwivuza no kwivuza (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), ariko kandi bigabanya ubuzima bw’umurwayi ubuzima, ndetse n’ibimenyetso bikomeye by’umubiri (Guan et abantu., 2020; Varner n'abandi., 2019).
Urebye izi ngaruka mbi ziterwa n’indwara zidashidikanywaho, abashakashatsi benshi batangiye kwita ku rwego rutazwi rw’abarwayi bafite indwara zitandukanye kandi bagerageza gushaka uburyo bwo kugabanya cyane indwara zidashidikanywaho.Igitekerezo cya Mishel gisobanura ko kutamenya neza indwara biterwa n’ibimenyetso by’indwara bidasobanutse, kuvurwa no kuvurwa bigoye, kubura amakuru ajyanye no gusuzuma n’uburemere bw’indwara, hamwe n’indwara zidateganijwe ndetse n’ibiteganijwe.Ihindurwa kandi nurwego rwubwenge bwabarwayi ninkunga yabaturage.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imyumvire y’indwara idashidikanywaho iterwa nimpamvu nyinshi.Imyaka, ubwoko, imyumvire yumuco, amateka yize, uko ubukungu bwifashe, uko indwara igenda, ndetse n’uko iyo ndwara igoye n’izindi ndwara cyangwa ibimenyetso biri mu mibare y’imibare n’amavuriro y’abarwayi isesengurwa nkibintu bigira ingaruka ku myumvire y’indwara idashidikanywaho .Ubushakashatsi bwinshi (Parker et al., 2016).
Iperereza ku miterere idashidikanywaho n’ingaruka ziterwa n’abarwayi ba COVID-19 mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro.
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwakorewe mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro bugendanwa, bufite ubuso bwa metero kare 1385, bugabanijwemo ibyumba bitatu, hamwe n'ibitanda 678.
Hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gutoranya uburyo bworoshye, abarwayi 114 COVID-19 binjiye mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro bigendanwa i Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei muri Gashyantare 2020 bakoreshejwe nk'ubushakashatsi.Ibipimo byo kubishyiramo: imyaka 18-65;yemeje ko COVID-19 yanduye kandi yashyizwe mu rwego rw’indwara zoroheje cyangwa zidakurikije amabwiriza yo gusuzuma no kuvura igihugu;yemeye kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi.Ibipimo byo guhezwa: ubumuga bwo kutamenya cyangwa uburwayi bwo mu mutwe cyangwa bwo mu mutwe;kutabona neza, kumva cyangwa kutavuga ururimi.
Urebye amabwiriza yo kwigunga ya COVID-19, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu buryo bwa anketi ya elegitoroniki, hashyirwaho kandi igenzura ryumvikana kugira ngo ikibazo kibe gifite agaciro.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku barwayi ba COVID-19 binjiye mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro bugendanwa, abashakashatsi basuzumye byimazeyo abarwayi bakurikije ibipimo byo kubashyira no kubireka.Abashakashatsi bategeka abarwayi kuzuza ibibazo mu rurimi rumwe.Abarwayi buzuza ibibazo bitazwi mugusuzuma kode ya QR.
Ikibazo cyateguwe ubwacyo mubibazo rusange bikubiyemo uburinganire, imyaka, uko abashakanye bameze, umubare wabana, aho atuye, urwego rwuburezi, uko akazi kinjiza n’amafaranga yinjira mu muryango buri kwezi, ndetse nigihe cyo kuva COVID-19 yatangira, ndetse na bene wabo n'inshuti zanduye.
Igipimo cy’indwara kidashidikanywaho cyakozwe bwa mbere na Porofeseri Mishel mu 1981, kivugururwa n’ikipe ya Ye Zengjie kugira ngo kibe verisiyo y’igishinwa ya MUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Harimo ibipimo bitatu byo gushidikanya hamwe nibintu 20 byose: kudasobanuka (ibintu 8).), kubura gusobanuka (ibintu 7) no guteganya (ibintu 5), muribyo bintu 4 nibisubiramo amanota.Ibi bintu byatsinzwe ukoresheje igipimo cya Likert amanota 5, aho 1 = kutemeranya cyane, 5 = kubyemera cyane, kandi amanota yose ni 20-100;amanota menshi, niko gushidikanya.Amanota agabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: hasi (20-46.6), hagati (46.7-73.3) no hejuru (73.3-100).Cronbach α yo mu Bushinwa MUIS ni 0.825, naho Cronbach α ya buri gipimo ni 0.807-0.864.
Abitabiriye amahugurwa bamenyeshejwe intego y’ubushakashatsi, kandi babimenyeshejwe babonetse igihe cyo gushaka abitabiriye amahugurwa.Noneho batangiye kuzuza kubushake no gutanga ibibazo kumurongo.
Koresha SPSS 16.0 kugirango ushireho base base kandi utumize amakuru yo gusesengura.Kubara amakuru bigaragazwa nkijanisha kandi bigasesengurwa na chi-kare;ibipimo byo gupima bihuye no gukwirakwiza bisanzwe bigaragazwa nkuburyo ± gutandukana bisanzwe, kandi ikizamini cya t gikoreshwa mu gusesengura ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kutamenya neza imiterere y’umurwayi wa COVID-19 ukoresheje uburyo bwinshi bwo gusubira inyuma.Iyo p <.05, itandukaniro rifite imibare ikomeye.
Ibibazo 114 byatanzwe muri ubu bushakashatsi, kandi igipimo cyiza cyo gukira cyari 100%.Mu barwayi 114, 51 ni abagabo na 63 ni abagore;bari bafite imyaka 45.11 ± 11.43.Impuzandengo yiminsi kuva COVID-19 yatangira yari iminsi 27.69 ± 10.31.Abenshi mu barwayi barubatse, bose hamwe ni 93 (81.7%).Muri bo, abashakanye basuzumwe na COVID-19 bangana na 28.1%, abana bangana na 12.3%, ababyeyi bangana na 28.1%, inshuti na 39.5%.75.4% by'abarwayi ba COVID-19 bahangayikishijwe cyane n'uko indwara izagira ingaruka ku bagize umuryango wabo;70.2% by'abarwayi bahangayikishijwe n'indwara ikurikirana;54.4% by'abarwayi bafite impungenge z'uko ubuzima bwabo buzagenda nabi kandi bikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo busanzwe;32.5% by'abarwayi bafite impungenge ko indwara izabagiraho Akazi;21.2% by'abarwayi bafite impungenge ko iyi ndwara izagira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ubukungu bw'imiryango yabo.
Amanota MUIS y’abarwayi ba COVID-19 ni 52.2 ± 12.5, byerekana ko kutamenya neza indwara biri ku rugero ruto (Imbonerahamwe 1).Twakurikiranye amanota ya buri kintu cy’indwara y’umurwayi adashidikanywaho dusanga ikintu gifite amanota menshi ari “Sinshobora kumenya igihe indwara yanjye (kwivuza) izamara” (Imbonerahamwe 2).
Imibare rusange y’imibare y’abitabiriye amahugurwa yakoreshejwe nkimpinduka zitsinda kugirango ugereranye indwara zidashidikanywaho n’abarwayi ba COVID-19.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko uburinganire, umuryango winjiza buri kwezi nigihe cyo gutangira (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) byari bifite imibare ikomeye (Imbonerahamwe 3).
Gufata amanota yose ya MUIS nkimpinduka zishingiye, kandi ugakoresha ibintu bitatu byingenzi bibarurishamibare (uburinganire, umuryango winjiza buri kwezi, igihe cyo gutangira) mugusesengura rimwe hamwe no gusesengura isano nkibihinduka byigenga, hakozwe isesengura ryinshi ryisubiramo.Impinduka zanyuma zinjira muburinganire ni uburinganire, umuryango winjiza buri kwezi nigihe cyo gutangira COVID-19, aribintu bitatu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubihindagurika (Imbonerahamwe 4).
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana ko amanota yose ya MUIS ku barwayi ba COVID-19 ari 52.2 ± 12.5, byerekana ko kutamenya neza indwara biri ku rugero ruciriritse, ibyo bikaba bihuye n’ubushakashatsi budashidikanywaho bw’indwara zitandukanye nka COPD, umutima wavutse indwara, n'indwara y'amaraso.Umuvuduko ukabije, umuriro udakomoka mu gihugu no hanze yacyo (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Ukurikije indwara ya Mishel idashidikanywaho (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), kumenyera no guhoraho kwa COVID-19 biri ku rwego rwo hasi, kubera ko ari indwara nshya, itazwi kandi yanduye cyane, ishobora kuba idashidikanywaho biganisha kuri urwego rwo hejuru rwindwara.Ariko, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ntibyerekanye ibisubizo byari biteganijwe.Impamvu zishoboka nizi zikurikira: (a) Ubwinshi bwibimenyetso nimpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara idashidikanywaho (Mishel et al., 2018).Ukurikije ibipimo byinjira mubitaro byubuhungiro bigendanwa, abarwayi bose ni abarwayi boroheje.Kubwibyo, amanota adashidikanywaho yindwara ntabwo ageze kurwego rwo hejuru;(b) infashanyo yimibereho niyo nyamukuru itangaza urwego rudashidikanywaho.Ku nkunga y’igihugu cyose kuri COVID-19, abarwayi barashobora kwinjizwa mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro bigendanwa nyuma yo kwisuzumisha, kandi bakavurwa n’umwuga n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi ryaturutse mu ntara zose n’imijyi yo mu gihugu.Byongeye kandi, amafaranga yo kwivuza yishyurwa na leta, ku buryo abarwayi nta mpungenge bafite, kandi ku rugero runaka, ukutamenya neza imiterere y’abarwayi kugabanuka;(C).Ibitaro byubuhungiro bigendanwa byakusanyije umubare munini w’abarwayi ba COVID-19 bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje.Kungurana ibitekerezo hagati yabo byashimangiye icyizere cyo gutsinda indwara.Ikirere gikora gifasha abarwayi kwirinda ubwoba, guhangayika, kwiheba nandi marangamutima mabi aterwa no kwigunga, kandi ku rugero runaka bigabanya umurwayi kutamenya neza indwara (Parker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
Ikintu gifite amanota menshi ni "Sinshobora kumenya igihe indwara yanjye (kuvura) izamara", ni 3.52 ± 1.09.Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko COVID-19 ari indwara nshya yandura, abarwayi ntacyo babiziho;kurundi ruhande, inzira yindwara ni ndende.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ibibazo 69 byatangiye iminsi irenga 28, bingana na 60.53% by’umubare wababajijwe.Impuzandengo yo kumara abarwayi 114 mubitaro byimukanwa byari iminsi (13.07 ± 5.84).Muri bo, abantu 39 bamaranye ibyumweru birenga 2 (iminsi irenga 14), bangana na 34.21%.Kubwibyo, umurwayi yahaye amanota menshi kubintu.
Ingingo ya kabiri "Sinzi neza niba indwara yanjye ari nziza cyangwa mbi" ifite amanota 3.20 ± 1.21.COVID-19 ni indwara nshya, itazwi, kandi yandura cyane.Ibibaho, iterambere no kuvura iyi ndwara biracyakorerwa ubushakashatsi.Umurwayi ntabwo azi neza uko bizatera imbere nuburyo bwo kubivura, bishobora kuvamo amanota menshi kubintu.
Urutonde rwa gatatu "Mfite ibibazo byinshi nta bisubizo" byatsinze 3.04 ± 1.23.Imbere y’indwara zitazwi, abakozi b’ubuvuzi bahora bashakisha kandi bagahindura imyumvire yabo y’indwara na gahunda yo gusuzuma no kuvura.Kubwibyo, ibibazo bimwe bijyanye nindwara byabajijwe nabarwayi bishobora kuba bitarashubijwe neza.Kubera ko igipimo cy’abakozi b’ubuvuzi mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro kigendanwa gikunze kubikwa muri 6: 1 kandi hashyizweho uburyo bune bwo guhindura ibintu, buri mukozi w’ubuvuzi agomba kwita ku barwayi benshi.Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo kuvugana nabaganga bambaye imyenda ikingira, hashobora kubaho umubare munini wamakuru.Nubwo umurwayi yahawe amabwiriza nibisobanuro bijyanye no kuvura indwara bishoboka, ibibazo bimwe byihariye bishobora kuba bitarashubijwe neza.
Mu ntangiriro y’iki kibazo cy’ubuzima ku isi, habaye itandukaniro mu makuru ajyanye na COVID-19 yakiriwe n’abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima, abakozi b’abaturage, n’abaturage muri rusange.Abakozi bo mu buvuzi n’abakozi bo mu baturage barashobora kunguka ubumenyi n’ubumenyi bwo kurwanya icyorezo binyuze mu mahugurwa atandukanye.Abaturage babonye amakuru menshi mabi kuri COVID-19 babinyujije mu bitangazamakuru, nk'amakuru ajyanye no kugabanya itangwa ry'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, byongereye impungenge abarwayi n'indwara.Iki kibazo cyerekana ko byihutirwa kongera amakuru y’ubuzima bwizewe, kubera ko amakuru ayobya ashobora kubuza ibigo nderabuzima kurwanya ibyorezo (Tran et al., 2020).Kwishimira cyane amakuru yubuzima bifitanye isano cyane ningaruka zo mumitekerereze, uburwayi, no guhangayika cyangwa amanota yo kwiheba (Le, Dang, nibindi, 2020).
Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi buriho ku barwayi ba COVID-19 byerekana ko abarwayi b’abakobwa bafite urwego rwinshi rw’indwara zidashidikanywaho kurusha abarwayi b’abagabo.Mishel yerekanye ko nk'impinduka nyamukuru y'igitekerezo, ubushobozi bw'umuntu ku giti cye buzagira ingaruka ku myumvire y'indwara ziterwa n'indwara.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari itandukaniro rikomeye mubushobozi bwubwenge bwabagabo nabagore (Hyde, 2014).Abagore barusha abandi kumva no gutekereza neza, mugihe abagabo bakunze gutekereza kubitekerezo byisesengura bifatika, bishobora guteza imbere abarwayi b'igitsina gabo kumva ibitera imbaraga, bityo bikagabanya gushidikanya kwabo.Abagabo n'abagore nabo baratandukanye muburyo no gukora amarangamutima.Abagore bahitamo uburyo bwo guhangana n'amarangamutima no kwirinda, mugihe abagabo bakunda gukoresha ingamba zo gukemura ibibazo hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gutekereza kugirango bakemure ibintu bibi byamarangamutima (Schmitt et al., 2017).Ibi birerekana kandi ko abakozi b’ubuvuzi bagomba kuyobora mu buryo bukwiye abarwayi kugira ngo babafashe gukomeza kutabogama mu gihe cyo gusuzuma no gusobanukirwa neza n’indwara ubwayo.
Abarwayi binjiza murugo buri kwezi barenze cyangwa bangana na 10,000 10,000 bafite amanota make ya MUIS.Ubu bushakashatsi burahuye n’ubundi bushakashatsi (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), bwagaragaje ko amafaranga yinjira mu rugo buri kwezi ari yo yerekana neza indwara z’abarwayi.Impamvu iri inyuma yibi bitekerezo nuko abarwayi bafite amikoro make mumiryango bafite amikoro make ugereranije numuyoboro muke wo kubona amakuru yindwara.Bitewe nakazi kadahungabana ninjiza yubukungu, mubisanzwe bafite umutwaro uremereye mumuryango.Kubwibyo, iyo uhuye nindwara itazwi kandi ikomeye, iri tsinda ry abarwayi ni ugushidikanya no guhangayika, bityo bikerekana urugero rwinshi rwindwara.
Igihe kirekire indwara imara, niko umurwayi yumva adashidikanya (Mishel, 2018).Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi birabigaragaza (Tian et al., 2014), bavuga ko kwiyongera kw'indwara zidakira, kuvura, no gushyirwa mu bitaro bifasha abarwayi kumenya no kumenyera ibintu bifitanye isano n'indwara.Ariko, ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana impaka zinyuranye.By'umwihariko, indwara idashidikanywaho ku ndwara zimaze iminsi 28 cyangwa zirenga kuva COVID-19 yatangira kwiyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba bihuye na Li (Li et al., 2018) mu bushakashatsi yakoze ku barwayi bafite umuriro utazwi.Ibisubizo bihuye nimpamvu.Ibibaho, iterambere no kuvura indwara zidakira birasobanutse.Nindwara nshya kandi itunguranye, COVID-19 iracyashakishwa.Inzira yo kuvura indwara ni ukugenda mumazi atazwi, mugihe habaye ibintu byihutirwa bitunguranye.Ibyabaye, nk'abarwayi basubiye inyuma nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro mugihe cyanduye.Kubera kutamenya neza gusuzuma, kuvura no gusobanukirwa siyanse y’indwara, nubwo itangira rya COVID-19 rimaze igihe kirekire, abarwayi ba COVID-19 baracyafite amakenga ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’imiti n’ubuvuzi.Mu gihe kidashidikanywaho, uko COVID-19 itangira, niko umurwayi azahangayikishwa cyane n’ingaruka zo kuvura indwara, niko umurwayi adashidikanya ku biranga indwara, kandi niko kutamenya neza indwara. .
Ibisubizo byerekana ko abarwayi bafite ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru bagomba gushingira ku ndwara, kandi intego yo gutabara indwara ni ugushakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya indwara.Harimo inyigisho zubuzima, inkunga yamakuru, kuvura imyitwarire, hamwe nubuvuzi bwimyitwarire yubuvuzi (CBT).Ku barwayi ba COVID-19, kuvura imyitwarire birashobora kubafasha gukoresha uburyo bwo kuruhuka kugirango barwanye amaganya kandi birinde ibice byihebye bahindura gahunda yibikorwa bya buri munsi.CBT irashobora kugabanya imyitwarire idahwitse yo guhangana, nko kwirinda, guhangana no kwishinja.Kongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukemura ibibazo (Ho et al., 2020).Ibikorwa bya interineti Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) birashobora kugirira akamaro abarwayi banduye kandi bakitabwaho mu byumba by’akato, ndetse n’abarwayi bonyine mu rugo kandi bakaba badafite inzobere mu buzima bwo mu mutwe (Ho et al., 2020; Soh et al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
MUIS amanota y’abarwayi ba COVID-19 mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro bugendanwa yerekana urugero ruto rw’indwara idashidikanywaho.Umwe ufite amanota menshi mubipimo bitatu ntabwo ateganijwe.Byagaragaye ko kutamenya neza iyo ndwara bifitanye isano neza n’igihe kuva COVID-19 yatangira, kandi bikaba bifitanye isano mbi n’umurwayi winjiza mu rugo buri kwezi.Abagabo bafite amanota ari munsi y'abagore.Ibutsa abakozi b'ubuvuzi kwita cyane ku barwayi b'igitsina gore, abarwayi bafite amafaranga make y’umuryango hamwe n’indwara ndende, bafata ingamba zihamye zo kugabanya ibibazo by’abarwayi ku kibazo cyabo, bayobora abarwayi gushimangira imyizerere yabo, bahura n’indwara hamwe na a imyifatire myiza, gufatanya no kuvura, no kunoza uburyo bwo kuvura Igitsina.
Kimwe nubushakashatsi ubwo aribwo bwose, ubu bushakashatsi bufite aho bugarukira.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, gusa igipimo cyo kwisuzuma cyakoreshejwe kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku ndwara zidashidikanywaho z’abarwayi ba COVID-19 bavurirwa mu bitaro by’ubuhungiro.Hariho itandukaniro ry'umuco mu gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo mu turere dutandukanye (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, n'abandi, 2020), bishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhagararirwa kw'icyitegererezo no ku bisubizo rusange.Ikindi kibazo ni uko kubera imiterere y’ubushakashatsi bwambukiranya ibice, ubu bushakashatsi ntabwo bwakoze ubundi bushakashatsi ku mpinduka zikomeye z’indwara zidashidikanywaho n’ingaruka zabyo ku barwayi.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nta mpinduka nini zigeze zibaho mu rwego rwo guhangayika, guhangayika no kwiheba mu baturage muri rusange nyuma y'ibyumweru 4 (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Ibindi bishushanyo birebire birakenewe kugirango hamenyekane ibyiciro bitandukanye byindwara n'ingaruka zayo ku barwayi.
Yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mubitekerezo no gushushanya, cyangwa gushaka amakuru, cyangwa gusesengura amakuru no gusobanura;DL, CL yagize uruhare mugutegura inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki cyangwa zavuguruwe cyane mubirimo ubumenyi;DL, CL, DS yarangije kwemeza verisiyo izasohoka.Buri mwanditsi agomba kwitabira byimazeyo akazi kandi agafata inshingano rusange kubice bikubiyemo;DL, CL, DS bemeye kuba bashinzwe ibintu byose byakazi kugirango barebe ko ibibazo bijyanye nukuri cyangwa byuzuye mubice byose byakazi byakorewe iperereza neza kandi bigakemuka;DS
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2021